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- *****************************************************
- * Cadherins extracellular repeated domain signature *
- *****************************************************
-
- Cadherins [1,2] are a family of animal glycoproteins responsible for calcium-
- dependent cell-cell adhesion. Cadherins preferentially interact with
- themselves in a homophilic manner in connecting cells; thus acting as both
- receptor and ligand. A wide number of tissue-specific forms of cadherins are
- known:
-
- - Epithelial (E-cadherin) (also known as uvomorulin or L-CAM).
- - Neural (N-cadherin)
- - Muscle (M-cadherin).
- - Placental (P-cadherin).
- - Retinal (R-cadherin).
- - B-cadherin.
- - T-cadherin (truncated cadherin).
- - EP-cadherin.
-
- Structurally, cadherins are built of the following domains: a signal sequence,
- followed by a propeptide of about 130 residues, then an extracellular domain
- of around 600 residues, then a transmembrane region, and finally a C-terminal
- cytoplasmic domain of about 150 residues. The extracellular domain can be sub-
- divided into five parts: there are four repeats of about 110 residues followed
- by a region that contains four conserved cysteines. It is suggested that the
- calcium-binding region of cadherins is located in the extracellular repeats.
-
- Cadherins are evolutionary related to the desmogleins which are component of
- intercellular desmosome junctions involved in the interaction of plaque
- proteins:
-
- - Desmoglein 1 (desmosomal glycoprotein I).
- - Desmoglein 2.
- - Desmoglein 3 (Pemphigus vulgaris antigen).
-
- The Drosophila fat protein [3] is a huge protein of over 5000 amino acids that
- contains 34 cadherin-like repeats in its extracellular domain.
-
- The signature pattern we have developed for the repeated domain is located in
- it the C-terminal extremity which is its best conserved region. The pattern
- includes two conserved aspartic acid residues as well as two asparagines;
- these residues could be implicated in the binding of calcium.
-
- -Consensus pattern: [LIV]-x-[LIV]-x-D-x-N-D-[NH]-x-P
- -Sequences known to belong to this class detected by the pattern: ALL.
- -Other sequence(s) detected in SWISS-PROT: NONE.
-
- -Note: this pattern is found in the first, second, and fourth copies of the
- repeated domain. In the third copy there is a deletion of one residue after
- the second conserved Asp.
-
- -Last update: June 1994 / Text revised.
-
- [ 1] Takeichi M.
- Annu. Rev. Biochem. 59:237-252(1990).
- [ 2] Takeichi M.
- Trends Genet. 3:213-217(1987).
- [ 3] Mahoney P.A., Weber U., Onofrechuk P., Biessmann H., Bryant P.J.,
- Goodman C.S.
- Cell 67:853-868(1991).
-